Macula Hole
Causes of a Macular Hole
A macular hole usually develops due to natural changes in the eye as we age. Over time, the vitreous—the clear, gel-like fluid that fills and shapes the eye—shrinks and begins to pull away from the retina in a process known as vitreous detachment.
While this is a common part of aging, sometimes the vitreous remains firmly attached to the macula, exerting tension as it detaches. This pulling and stretching can lead to the formation of a macular hole.
How We Diagnose a Macular Hole
To diagnose a macular hole, your eye specialist will perform a test called Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT). This painless procedure uses light waves to capture detailed images of your retina, providing a clear view of any abnormalities.
Prior to the test, your eye doctor may use dilating drops to widen your pupil for a better view.
Macular Hole Treatment Options
If a macular hole is affecting your vision, a surgery called a vitrectomy is usually recommended to repair the hole and prevent further vision loss.
In this procedure:
- The vitreous is removed, along with a thin layer of tissue on the macula's surface
- A gas bubble is placed inside the eye, acting as a temporary bandage
- The bubble presses the edges of the hole together to support healing
After surgery:
- You’ll need to limit activities and head movement to help keep the bubble in place
- Your doctor will provide post-surgery recovery guidance, including strategies to reduce head movement
- Avoid flying or using nitrous oxide (laughing gas) until the bubble has fully dissipated, as these can affect eye pressure
Early detection of a macular hole offers the best treatment outcomes. If you notice any symptoms, contact your eye specialist promptly.